In Morocco, the political landscape has been marked by substantial formal powers and informal lines of influence wielded by King Mohammed VI and his palace, despite the presence of multiparty elections for Parliament and local bodies. While the 2011 reforms shifted some authority to the national legislature, the monarchy still maintains dominance, resulting in constraints on civil liberties.
In 2022, Moroccan authorities drew condemnation from international human rights groups for their excessive and unlawful use of force during an incident in which hundreds of migrants were dispersed while attempting to cross into Spain, leaving at least 37 dead and dozens missing. Additionally, activists and dissidents faced arrests and prosecution on charges related to their work.
The September 2021 elections saw a significant change in government with the Party of Justice and Development (PJD) losing ground to the National Rally of Independents (RNI) and other pro-palace parties. However, this shift does not indicate a significant change in power dynamics or policies, as the king continues to exert substantial influence over political affairs.
Freedom of expression, assembly, and organization remain limited, with state surveillance and legal harassment being used against critics, journalists, and civil society organizations. Additionally, the judiciary lacks independence, and due process is often undermined in both civil and criminal matters.
Inequality and discrimination persist, particularly for women, the Amazigh population, and the LGBT+ community. While some legal advancements have been made, social stigma and uneven implementation of laws continue to hinder progress.
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